Foreign Exchange Derivatives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Foreign Exchange Derivatives - Essay Example ?rket hÐ °s been Ð °ccompÐ °nied by Ð ° lÐ °g in instituting regulÐ °tory controls thÐ °t would limit the destÐ °bilizing impÐ °ct of these new finÐ °nciÐ °l innovÐ °tions. Since mÐ °ny derivÐ °tives involve cross-border trÐ °ding, the derivÐ °tives mÐ °rket hÐ °s led to increÐ °sed internÐ °tionÐ °l finÐ °nciÐ °l frÐ °gility Ð °nd the Ð °ttendÐ °nt need for greÐ °ter suprÐ °nÐ °tionÐ °l governÐ °nce of derivÐ °tives. To explore these themes, I will use Ð ° monetÐ °ry theory of production provided by institutionÐ °list economic theory. From the outset, institutionÐ °list Ð °nÐ °lyses of the economic process hÐ °ve incorporÐ °ted the impÐ °ct of monetÐ °ry phenomenÐ ° on the production of goods Ð °nd services. Thorstein Veblen distinguished between pecuniÐ °ry Ð °nd industriÐ °l employments, Wesley Mitchell between mÐ °king goods Ð °nd mÐ °king money, Ð °nd John R. Commons between reÐ °l Ð °nd finÐ °nciÐ °l vÐ °lues. WhÐ °t Ð °ll sought to cÐ °pture wÐ °s Ð ° diÐ °lecticÐ °l relÐ °tionship between money Ð °nd mÐ °teriÐ °l flows. Ð s Dudley DillÐ °rd put it, under mÐ °rket cÐ °pitÐ °lism "the production of goods Ð °nd services by which we live is Ð ° byproduct of the expectÐ °tion of businessmen to mÐ °ke money" [DillÐ °rd 1987, 1623]. In institutionÐ °l Ð °nÐ °lysis, money is described Ð °s hÐ °ving functions beyond thÐ °t of Ð ° medium of exchÐ °nge. Money is Ð ° core component of economizing behÐ °vior under mÐ °rket cÐ °pitÐ °lism becÐ °use it serves Ð °s the numerÐ °ire by which gÐ °in mÐ °y be cÐ °lculÐ °ted in quÐ °ntitÐ °tive terms, Ð °n element essentiÐ °l to whÐ °t MÐ °x Weber cÐ °lled cÐ °pitÐ °l Ð °ccounting, or KÐ °pitÐ °lrechnung. PerhÐ °ps the most importÐ °nt function of money in the mÐ °rket economy Ð °rises from whÐ °t DillÐ °rd [1987, 1625] termed its chÐ °rÐ °cteristic Ð °s Ð ° speciÐ °l form of property. Ð  key feÐ °ture of the use of property is the power to hold or withhold. Moneyholders hÐ °ve the power to grÐ °nt or withhold Ð °ccess to their money cÐ °pitÐ °l, Ð °nd it is this Ð °bility thÐ °t provides one of the meÐ °ns through which monetÐ °ry flows mÐ °y disrupt the

Kite Runner Connections with Skrzynecki Essay Example for Free

Kite Runner Connections with Skrzynecki Essay The Kite Runner is set in Afghanistan, about a young boy named Amir who feels that he must win the kite tournament in order to redeem himself to his father. Because his mother died while giving birth to Amir he feels somehow responsible for his mother’s death. His servant is his best friend, Hassan, who runs the kite for him. Amir feels as though he is not acknowledged or accepted by his father, therefore not feeling a sense of belonging when Baba (father) shows his love toward Hassan. This motivates Amir to not do anything about Hassan’s rape which later leaves him with guilt. Those who do not belong may commit acts that are not within their desire in order to belong. For example, after Hassan was raped Amir lied to his father saying that Hassan stole his watch and money from him causing them to be kicked out of their house as servants. Amir’s thoughts were that once Hassan had left, Baba’s love would be pointed toward him only, hence giving him a deeper sense of belonging to his father. Hassan on the other hand felt as though he belonged to the Afghan home of Baba and Amir even as a servant as he is treated with the same respect as the members of the family. However being Hazara’s, a minority ethnic group, Hassan would not have felt a sense of belonging on the macro scale for the reason that his rape was motivated due to the ethnic group he is from i.e. the minority in Afghanistan who are continuously discriminated against. After the Soviets invaded Afghanistan the country became a war-zone causing Amir and Baba to flee the country leaving all the memories and reminiscences in their country. Connections are shown with several of Skrzynecki’s poems, for example, St Patricks College. In St Patricks College it is signified that the poet has been at his school â€Å"for eight years† however he has still formed no sense of belonging. This connects with the relationship that Amir has with his father, Baba. Baba has raised Amir on his own for almost a decade however Amir feels as though Baba does not love him causing him to feel an insignificant amount of belonging.

Elusive American Dream in Millers Death of a Salesman and Steinbecks

The Elusive American Dream in Miller's Death of a Salesman and Steinbeck's Grapes of Wrath The American dream of success through hard work and of unlimited opportunity in a vast country actually started before America was officially America, before the colonists broke away from England and established an independent country. That dream has endured and flourished for hundreds of years; as a result, American writers naturally turn to it for subject matter, theme, and structure. In examining its lure and promise, they often find, not surprisingly, that for those who fall short, failure can be devastating because material success is a part of our cultural expectations. Americans are judged and judge themselves on individual success or failure as indicators of their personal worth. Indeed, two works of fiction, Death of a Salesman and The Grapes of Wrath, are good examples of these ideas, for they illustrate the repercussions of the belief in the American Dream and what happens when the dream proves elusive. In Death of a Salesman, Willy Loman’s illusions are based on his belief in individual success, but his ideas about how to attain that success are impractical and unrealistic. Willy’s comment in Act I that â€Å"some people accomplish something† (15) is ironic because he yearns for this to be true for himself and Biff, but it is not true for either of them. Willy thinks he’s â€Å"vital in New England† (14) and would be â€Å"in charge of New York now† (14) if his original boss was still alive. However, although Willy is entranced by these illusions, the reality is that he is not a successful salesman and is fired. He also thinks Biff should be making good money and blames his son’s failure on his laziness. But it is Willy who has se... ...d a the country† (129), and that is the capitalist system, which is supposed to make life better for everyone. Steinbeck creates a connection between the rotten grapes and the moral decay among the businessmen because of their greed, a vice that is poisoning the American promise by bringing great hardship with little hope for a better future. In conclusion, both of these works use the deep personal loss of their characters to represent the greater dilemma posed by an American Dream that is elusive and, at least for them, never fulfilled. Hopelessness, despair and disillusionment are the result of what both authors portray as a ruthless, often dehumanizing capitalist system that seeks profit at any cost. WORKS CITED Miller, Arthur. Death of a Salesman. New York: Penguin Books, 1976. Steinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath. New York: Penguin Books, 1999.

Analysis of Data Mining

ITKM Analysis of Data Mining The article Data Mining by Christopher Clifton analyzed how different types of data mining techniques have been applied in crime detection and different outcomes. Moreover, the analysis proposed how the different data mining techniques can be used in detection of different form of frauds. The analysis gave the advantages and disadvantages of using data mining in different operation. The major advantage was that data mining enables analysis of large quantities of data. This is important since such data cannot be analyzed manually since the data is often complex for humans to understand.However, data mining techniques have been used for deceitful purposes such as inappropriate disclosure of private information. The article analyzed different data mining techniques. Predictive modeling is one such technique used in estimation of particular target attribute. Descriptive modeling was another technique, which entails dividing data into groups. The other techniq ues described include pattern mining used in identification of rules relating to different data pattern and anomaly detection, which entails determining the unusual instances that, may arise when using the different data-mining model. ) What is the title and what was the objective of the study/analysis) The title of the article was data mining. The article focused on skills in knowledge discovery can be used in analysis of large volumes of data sets. According to the article, data mining was invented about one and a half decades ago due to the advances in artificial intelligence. Discovery of expert system, genetic algorithms, neural networks, and machine leaning led to develop ways to adapt these schemes and use them for data mining purposes. Related article: What Business Can Learn From Text MiningThe objective of the article was to give a history of data mining, the different types of data mining and the application of data mining in different fields such as business, scientific research, as well as by security agents in detection of crimes and terrorist activities (Clifton Web). Regarding the history of data mining, the article stated that data mining was first implemented in credit card fraud detection. The 2) What data mining algorithm was used (i. e. cluster analysis, decision tree, neural network, other) and describe the algorithm?The analysis used both decision tree algorithm and clustering algorithm. By using decision tree algorithm, the information regarding data mining techniques was grouped by making use of predefined knowledge. The analysis entails description of different crime detection techniques. Moreover, the most appropriate technique for detection of different types of crimes was suggested based on the profitability of using any single technique. Using clustering technique, the data was divided into different groups to obtain certain patterns. Such pattern included classification to data mining techniques based on their uses.This was used to develop ways in which the different techniques can be applied in business (Clifton Web). 3) What was the outcome of the analysis, and how did it benefit the business, if there was a benefit? The analysis identified the various data mining techniques, their applications, strengths and weaknesses. The analysis was important to the business world. For example, the analysis on use of data mining in detection of credit card fraud identified the challenges involved on the process. This was crucial since it gave insights on how different techniques can be developed to make data mining more effective in credit card fraud detection.Another reason why the analysis was important to the business world was that it analyzed the different data mining approa ches such as predictive modeling, descriptive modeling, pattern mining, and anomaly detection. The analysis explained how the different techniques work. Moreover, the analysis was crucial since it provided insights on how different techniques can be used in detection of fraud crime in different types of business transaction. Moreover, it highlighted the shortcoming on the different techniques. This is crucial since it provided intuitions on areas that can be improved to make the techniques more effective (Clifton Web).An additional reason why the analysis was important is that it pinpointed the issues that arise when using data mining techniques in fraud detection. One such issue is privacy concern. This was crucial since it gave insights on how the business world can continue using data mining techniques to combat crime without risking loss of reputation. Moreover, the companies can use data mining for fraud detection crimes while making less error such as those of biasness (Clifto n Web). Conclusion Data mining has undergone modification with technological advancement. Data mining play a great role in enabling detection of problems such as frauds.This is because it enables analysis of large and complex quantities of data. In the article about data mining, Clifton used both decision tree and cluster analysis to assess the different types of data mining. By using decision tree, the author group data mining based on the techniques used. By using clustering, the data was grouped to obtain certain patterns. The analysis was important to business world since it provided insights on how the different data mining techniques work. Works Cited Clifton, Christopher. â€Å"data mining . † Encyclopedia Bratanicca (n. d. ): 1-3. Web. .

Critique on against gay marriage Essay

The modern world is experiencing transition in all aspects of life. This change is being experienced in marriage whereby some people are moving a way from the belief that marriage should only take place between people of same sex. They have gone to an extent of pushing for marriage between people of same-sex to be accorded the same treatment and recognition just like the case with the heterosexual marriage. Some people believe that marriage should be heterosexual while others believe that even homosexuals have a right to marry and live with their partners just like a husband and wife in opposite-sex marriage. This paper presents a critique in support of gay marriage. The society especially in the current state is crippling with many social problems emanating from heterosexual marriage. One of these problems is unwanted pregnancies which arise from irresponsible relationships. This is an incident which can only happen in a marriage between two people of opposite sex. Embracing same-sex marriage would offer a remedy to this problem because there is no chance of pregnancy in a marriage between gays and lesbians. This would also help in reducing the high cases of deaths and abortion which are being witnessed in the society today. Incase homosexuals decide to adopt a child, the possibility of neglect is very low as this would be a decision between two independent people. Same-sex marriage reduces the dominance by one partner which is associated with union between a man and a woman. For fear of victimization, most gays and lesbians are forced into heterosexual marriages against their will. However, they still continue to live their homosexual lives by secretly relating to other homosexuals while staying in the same-sex marriage. Therefore, accepting same-sex marriage will help reduce this unfaithfulness and promote marriage to one partner (Sullivan, A. , 2004). Since the society allows all kinds of people and groups to marry including murderers, thieves as well as marriage between people of different races. Condemning same-sex marriage is discrimination of the minority who are supposed to be protected by the constitution just like any other group. As opposed to what Bennet believes, it would not be the first time that the institution of marriage is experiencing change; Marriage between different races which are happening today never happened several years ago (Bennett, J. W. 1996). The strong position against homosexuality which is adopted by the church is an intrusion into private business. This is because marriage is a personal commitment between the two people involved in the relationship. This marriage therefore hurts no one who is not part of the relationship (Bennett, J. W. 1996). Every element of the society is transforming hence disregarding same-sex marriage is simply refusing to accept the natural changes in the institution of marriage. The acceptance of homosexuality as evident among school pupils is an indication that homosexuality is a thing of the current generation hence nature should be allowed to take its course. Bennet should not argue against adoption by gay and lesbian couples as this would be better that single parenting. The long-term repercussions of same-sex marriage talked about by those against gay marriage are baseless and coming out of fear of the unknown; accepting same-sex union would only serve to create more choices concerning marriage and people would be guided by individual choices. (Bennett, J. W. 1996). Conclusion From the accounts given above, same-sex marriage should be allowed and homosexuals do not deserve the harsh criticism and victimization that they are undergoing in the society. Legislation and rules governing marriage only needs to be adjusted to provide for same-sex union. Reference Bennett, J. W. (1996). Gay Marriage: Not a very good idea. The Washington Post. OP-ED; Pg. A19 Sullivan, A. (2004). Same-sex Marriage, Pro and Con: A Reader. New York: Vintage Books.

Enrollment for the 2015 Freelance Writing Course Opens Today

Enrollment for the 2015 Freelance Writing Course Opens Today Enrollment for the 2015 Freelance Writing Course Opens Today Enrollment for the 2015 Freelance Writing Course Opens Today By Daniel Scocco As you probably know, once a year we open the enrollment for the Freelance Writing Course. Its a 6-week program that aims to give students all the information and tools they need to get started making money writing online. The 2015 edition starts today. Here are the six modules of the course: 1. Writing Productivity: You’ll learn how to become a prolific writer, which is essential if you want to make money writing. 2. Building an Online Presence: Setting up a website is not enough these days. You need to know how to promote it and how to reach the right people online. 3. Writing for the Web: Freelance writing is changing, and this module focuses on the differences you’ll face while freelance writing for websites and online publications. 4. Finding Clients: Probably the most important module. Here you’ll learn where and how to find your first clients, and how to obtain high-paying writing gigs over time. 5. Running a Writing Business: Freelance writing is like any business, and as such you’ll need to manage it efficiently if you want to increase your earnings over time. 6. Social Media: In this module you’ll discover tactics you can use to leverage social media sites to boost your career. More than 1300 students joined us over the years, and heres what some of them said about the course: I just wanted to let you know how much I enjoyed the online course. I have been researching content on how to establish a freelance writing career since earlier this year and your course provided information that I just havent been able to find anywhere else. Thanks for taking the time to develop this in a straight-forward and manageable fashion. What you supplied has far exceeded my expectations, both in content and value for money. I congratulate you on a job well done. The course has jump started me into action. It has been a huge learning curve for me. Now I am blogging and this course has opened my eyes to the potential of blogging for a freelance writer! I found all the lessons helpful and practical, and help was always at hand in the private forum. The course is great value for money and I am motivated to move into gear now, something that I have not been in a while. > Click here to visit the official page and get all the details < Enrollment ends on Friday. Don't miss out! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Possessive of Proper Names Ending in SAt Your DisposalPunctuation Is Powerful

Circular Theory †Philosophy Essay

Circular Theory – Philosophy Essay Free Online Research Papers Life follows a circular path. That is why history repeats itself. Let’s say just for arguments sake that the big bang theory is correct. Since the big bang theory the Earth has changed its face numerous times starting at the solidification of the earth’s surface. After the earth solidified organisms grew, and evolved into what we have today. Now before we can even touch on animal life we must look at the planet first. Earth solidified through upwelling and cooling of hot magma to form the crust after this formation took place everything was fine until the Ice Age came around. After the Ice age there was a mass warming on the earth, creating our present status, and earth will probably go out the way it came in Bang. Now there have been other anomalies to affect the earth such as volcanoes, tsunamis, earthquakes, the rise and fall of temperatures, and asteroids, but these are all a part of this continuous circle. Now like us, the earth is a living breathing organism, one that regenerates itself and heals itself, thus creating a circular pattern for its existence. This is a pattern that man has tried to figure out for centuries so that the fountain of youth would be possib le. BANG >>>> SOLIDIFICATION/COOLING OF LIQUID HOT MAGMA >>>> CRUST >>>> ICE AGE >>>> CURRENT STATUS >>>> PROBABLY ANOTHER BANG = CIRCLE I enjoy doing this, back to the circle theory again. Now, I know this is all inductive reasoning but I don’t really have any deductive formulas to test the conjectures of this theory. I leave that up to the mathematicians. Let’s see what else represents a circle in life I know how about the weather. The weather can be a continuous cycle such as you have dirt/dust on the ground that is picked up by the wind and that dust collects water molecules. Once the dust and water molecules become too heavy for the wind they drop in the form of rain/hale/sleet/snow, returning the dust to its previous state, dirt. DIRT >>>> WIND >>>> WATER >>>> RAIN/HALE/SLEET/SNOW >>>> DIRT = CIRCLE It is not impossible to find the fountain of youth, but there are too many factors in the world/universe to even be able to create a place of immortality. Let’s go back to the circle theory. Everything happens in a series but the series ultimately takes us back to where we started. Before life we do not know where we are, but after we are conceived all of the sudden we have spawned life. We live our life to the best we can following guidelines, rules, suggestions and our parents. Ultimately taking on our parent’s belief system and coincidentally passing it down to our kids as well. After we have lived our life we die and are once again back where we started from, not sure where that is, but none the less creating a circular pattern. NO LIFE >>>> LIFE >>>> NO LIFE = CIRCLE Life itself is formed through a circle. One cell in a human body, any cell take your pick, is in the shape of a circle. The sun, the moon stars, even the start of a new love is formed through a circle. In order to find love you must talk to someone and when you talk to that person you tend to have direct eye contact, also a circle. You have premarital sex and then you get married or you get married because you had premarital sex and now have a little mini you and her/him on the way. This, takes us back to the no life, life circle. Now let us take a look at the conception†¦ Do you understand where I am going with this? Rhetorical, don’t answer that. Empty uterus until one of the fallopian tubes sends out an egg. Egg is in the uterus and coitus uninterrupted is performed spawning the millions of sperm to the egg. The sperm swim around, some not even coming close to the egg, but one lucky bastard, who is quite possible, made it to a circular dwelling. Now, once inside of this perfectly shaped circle it forms a single cell and that circular cell multiplies until you have a heart, also the shape of a circle, maybe a little deformed, but pretty much there. So, then you have this baby just chilling inside of another circle called the uterus, and the baby is born thus finishing the process of the circle that is precious to our species. Read, Rinse, and Repeat if desired. EMPTY UTERUS >>>> EGG >>>> SPERM >>>> ONE CELL >>>> MULTIPLE CELLS >>>> BABY >>>> NO EGG/EMPTY UTERUS (AT LEAST FOR A LITTLE WHILE) = CIRCLE Much like life, people tend to form circles in their every day life once we have found â€Å"direction†. Turning what was an exciting life into a very cumbersome and redundant existence. I have to laugh at this, because before we had a direction we had 3 things that were our drive as a species. These things were the most basic needs in order for us, the animal kingdom, to continue, Food/Water, Shelter, and Sex. Now we would have to eat, live somewhere, and have sex in order to continue this grand circle so we can find out why we are all here. Then the rules came and things changed and life has become a job. No longer something we can enjoy, but rather a chore for us to eat/drink, live in, and fuck. Now in order to eat/drink you need to have a job because you need money to buy the food and drinks you need to survive. Then comes the place to live, and this is a must because land is property of some one that in fact doesn’t actually own anything other than their bo dy, but if you want to live you must find a domicile and pay this person. Now in order to have sex today you have to have a job so you can spend money on the girl that you want to have sex with. Not to mention you don’t want to be living out of a cardboard box and you would prefer to have food in the house because hunting after work is out of the question. So let me put this in a simpler fashion†¦. JOB >>>>> FOOD/DRINK >>>>>> DWELLING >>>>> SEX >>>>> JOB = CIRCLE Now of course that is not always how it happens but for the most part it is true. Now the everyday life consists of waking up showering/not showering; you dirty bastard, getting dressed, eating breakfast/not, going to school/work/not doing anything; no sex for you, Eating Lunch/not, going home, watching TV/Playing Video Games; get a life, Eating dinner, taking a shower/not, having sex/flogging the dolphin/catching the vibe, then finally back to sleep, and waking up the next morning to start the same day. Hmmmmm, Sounds like fun to me. Where do I sign up to shoot myself? For those of you who prefer that I did it the other way: WAKING UP >>>> SHOWERING/NOT >>>> GETTING DRESSED >>>> EATING BREAKFAST/NOT >>>> GOING TO SCHOOL/WORK/BUM >>>> EATING LUNCH/NOT >>>> GOING HOME >>>> BEING A LOSER/TOOL >>>> EATING DINNER >>>> TAKING A SHOWER/NOT >>>> HAVING SEX/CHOKING THE CHICKEN/PICKING YOUR PEDALS >>>> SLEEPING >>>> WAKING UP = CIRCLE Now the direction we head is pretty much one that makes us look completely insane. Like the ones we commit for walking in circles and banging their heads against a wall, at least they said screw it and did what we are all unconsciously doing. Crazy, I think not. I believe they are probably more intelligent than we are. Now the one thing that is not a continuous loop is time. The time we have is short in comparison to the rest of the universe. So, what we do with our time is important to us. Who knows maybe time is a big loop and this whole universe is a clock waiting to reset itself. Wait a minute a clock. A clock goes from 12am to 12 pm then back to 12 am or 00:00:01 to 2400 thus completing yet again another circle. This could go on forever, the months, the days, even yes years. We won’t be here forever ladies and gentlemen and time will reset itself and another civilization will form, and they too will walk in circles. I am not saying that everyday is the same, but what I am saying is that your overall life will be one continuous vicious circle. All I ask is that you be happy with what you have or could have. There is no need to end your life sooner than needed and there is no reason to turn down things that make you happy. Happiness is the key to making that circle actually mean something in this rotating sphere that we live in. The fountain of youth is the children of tomorrow and the way we raise those children will greatly affect their happiness. The men and women who are or get married are subjected to happiness by the two of them completing two circles to create one, two, three, four†¦.. As many offspring they should wish to have. To create life you are creating your very own circle and thus being as close to becoming an ultimate being as you could ever get. Playing god doesn’t mean you take some ones life, but rather that you can give life, and bring happiness to others. Your life and many otherss lives are revolved around the happiness of everyone. Research Papers on Circular Theory - Philosophy EssayThe Spring and AutumnThe Hockey GameHip-Hop is ArtThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenCapital PunishmentRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionThree Concepts of PsychodynamicMind Travel

How to update your LinkedIn profile for 2018

How to update your LinkedIn profile for 2018 Whether you’re planning a full-scale job search in 2018 or just thinking about your next steps, career-wise, it’s time to do some prep work in your LinkedIn profile. LinkedIn is one of the first places potential employers scope you out and it can be a recruiting tool as well, so you want to make sure you’re getting the most out of your profile. Update your headline and summary.Your headline and summary are the first things that will be read when a recruiter or potential employer sees your name in a search. That means these have to be on point. You don’t need to fit in all of your qualifications- focus on the ones that you want to feature most prominently. Here are some examples of clear, no-nonsense headlines:Top-Performing Sales Associate2018 Accounting Grad Seeking Entry-Level OpportunityInnovative Graphic DesignerIf you already have a job and will be searching on the DL, make sure your headline doesn’t announce too obviously what you’re up to- remember, your headline will show up in public searches and you never know who’s looking. If you’ll be subtly looking for new jobs, make your headline describe what you do or how you want to be perceived (professionally).Your summary should be more of a narrative of where you are in your career, your best professional attributes, and your biggest accomplishments. To make your summary section 2018-ready, include your most recent projects, achievements, and lessons learned. That means ones from the past year or so, so that you’re including the latest and best information. It’s okay to take out information that feels outdated or is more than a few years old if the summary is getting a little long. The length is at your discretion, but keep in mind that recruiters and hiring managers may have little time to read and don’t want to get bogged down by a full-on memoir while they’re browsing LinkedIn.Update your photo.If your current LinkedIn h eadshot is that one of you as an eager new grad 10 years ago, it’s time to upgrade. No need to get glamorous Hollywood-grade headshots. These days, anyone with a solid smartphone camera can take a solid photo of your face that you can use as a professional avatar photo. It should be a fairly natural, friendly solo photo- you don’t want it to look like a passport photo or, worse, a mug shot. Candid photos are fine as long as you look professionally appropriate. If you’re having trouble figuring out if a photo is appropriate, take a look around at other profiles in your field, around your level, and see what people are using.Open up your availability.One of the easiest and best ways to leverage your LinkedIn profile to help create opportunities for yourself is to update your privacy settings. In your Account settings, click on â€Å"Job Seeking,† click on â€Å"Let recruiters know you’re open to opportunities.† This is what opens up LinkedIn f rom â€Å"living resume† to â€Å"next-level job search tool.† It doesn’t replace the need to go out and search for job openings or proactively send out your resume, but it increases the chances that someone will find you (the needle) in the database (the haystack) for a potentially great job opportunity.It’s a way of letting the recruiters and hiring managers of the world know that you’re available, without putting up a big, honking neon sign (visible to, say, your boss) that you’re looking to leave your current job. It flags your availability behind the scenes.Update your key words.Given that you’ve opened up your profile to recruiters and potential employers, you need to make sure that you’re giving them what they’re searching for in 2018. That means updating your skills, job history, and summary with the words that are important in your industry now- not three years ago. This step is especially key if you’ve h ad a profile that has kind of languished, un-updated since you got your current job.So how do you figure out what key words to use? Search for current job postings in your field. What kind of skills are they emphasizing? What qualities are they seeking in candidates? Once you know what companies are looking for right now, you can work that language in to your profile and increase the chances of a) matching their search criteria and b) holding interest once someone clicks through to your page.Refresh your profile content.The hardest part of making your LinkedIn profile ready for 2018 is keeping up with it after you’ve made the initial updates and changes. Some of the information you put in is going to stay static for a while, especially after you’ve updated your projects and skills from 2017. That means you should turn your attention to live content on your profile page. This is basically a blog where you’re able to write what you want. It’s not a personal blog- it should be entirely focused on your field and your professional life. If you don’t feel comfortable waxing on for 500 words about your career philosophies, you can share links to articles by others in your field or offer commentary on trends. How-to posts are also very popular, if you have a particular skill or area in which you can teach others.According to OKDork, the most successful LinkedIn content posts:Have a headline of fewer than 50 characters.Contain pictures, but not videos or other multimedia, to avoid awkward device and readability issues.Are divided into separate headings for ease of reading.Include lists or how-to tutorials.Are substantial (approximately 1000-2000 words).Are not controversial.Are readable for a broad audience (like the lay person who doesn’t know much about your field, as well as someone who already works in your field).And as you’re thinking about what you want to write and share on your LinkedIn profile, remember: always keep it professional. You’re presenting your best career self, so don’t derail that by airing your political grievances, or responding in kind to negative comments. And I assume we all know this already, but just in case- no smack talk about people in your industry. If you disagree with someone, and want to talk about it publicly on LinkedIn, do it politely and respectfully.Another key step is editing and proofreading your content before it goes live- you want to make sure you sound intelligent and put-together, and nothing derails that quite as quickly as five typos in the first paragraph alone.Set a LinkedIn update schedule.At the beginning of the year, set reminders for yourself to update your profile so that you’re keeping it as fresh as possible. Consistency is the key to a well-maintained LinkedIn profile, and it shows you’re engaged. If you go on a hot streak, posting stuff for a month, and then a recruiter sees that you haven’t bothered fo r the past three months after that, it looks like you’ve abandoned your page. Reminders and a schedule (say, monthly) for posting new content (and updating your existing skills and projects) will help ensure an active, consistent vibe for your page.If you’ve been a more casual user of LinkedIn, or you just haven’t spent much time updating your info, this is a relatively easy way to help set up your 2018, career-wise. Even if you’re not sure whether you’ll be looking for a job, you’re getting ready for â€Å"just in case,† and saving yourself valuable time and energy if you find yourself needing to start a job hunt on short notice. It’s also a handy tool for keeping track of information you’ll need to set your professional goals or if you need to come up with a snapshot of your achievements and skills for a promotion or self-review. Updating your LinkedIn profile is a great way to get organized for the coming year.

Non-Verbal Communication and Its Types by De Vito Essay

Non-Verbal Communication and Its Types by De Vito - Essay Example My first stop during this observation tour was the most common place where man gathers in order to openly display their non-verbal communication skills and human relationships, the mall. I took my time walking around the building in order to observe men, women, and children and how they interact with one another. What I observed was that the most common human relationship that can be found and observed in the mall is that of varying degrees of friendships. Now DeVito defines friendship as, â€Å"an interpersonal relationship between two persons that is mutually productive and characterized by mutual positive regard† ( 187 ). Almost everyone that I observed arriving in pairs, as a group or meeting other persons at the mall prove the interpersonal relationship of their acquaintance because of the way they react to one another. It is not uncommon to observe these pairs or groups delivering non-verbal assurances of their friendships through their reactions to one another. From a w arm hug, a kiss on the cheek, or even slapping one another on the shoulder all translate into non-verbal communications that prove that they consider each other unique, genuine, and irreplaceable individuals in each other life. But that is not to say that only positive friendships exist at the mall. Once in a while, I also noted the existence of discord between the couples or group individuals. These non-verbal arguments included the raising of an eyebrow as they discuss amongst themselves. The rise of an eyebrow is normally followed by a change in the vocal pitch of the person speaking.

International dimensions of Intergrated Marketing Communication used Essay

International dimensions of Intergrated Marketing Communication used by ABSOLUT VODKA - Essay Example Ð °lliÐ °nce to offer customers globÐ °l reÐ °ch Ð °nd Ð ° smooth trÐ °vel experience; it is the company that managed to build strong relationships with its customers during short periods of time and reach big world recognition. Due to its huge success in beoming the leÐ °ding Ð °irline Ð °lliÐ °nce in the globÐ °l Ð °viÐ °tion business, the compÐ °ny hÐ °s been voted Best Ð irline Ð lliÐ °nce by SkytrÐ °x in 2003 Ð °nd 2005. From its eÐ °rly beginnings in 1997 with five founding Ð °irlines, 14 member Ð °irlines now come under the StÐ °r Ð lliÐ °nce fold: Ð ir CÐ °nÐ °dÐ °, Ð ir New ZeÐ °lÐ °nd, Ð NÐ , Ð ustriÐ °n Ð irlines, bmi british midlÐ °nd, LÐ °udÐ ° Ð ir, LufthÐ °nsÐ °, MexicÐ °nÐ °, SÐ S ScÐ °ndinÐ °viÐ °n Ð irlines, SingÐ °pore Ð irlines, ThÐ °i Ð irwÐ °ys InternÐ °tionÐ °l, TyroleÐ °n Ð irwÐ °ys, United Ð irlines Ð °nd VÐ RIG. TodÐ °y Ð ° StÐ °r Ð lliÐ °nce Ð °ircrÐ °ft tÐ °kes off or lÐ °nds every four seconds to one of 729 Ð °irports in 124 countries, providing customers with Ð ° truly globÐ °l reÐ °ch. Focusing on customer priorities, StÐ °r Ð lliÐ °nce Ð °irlines hÐ °ve concentrÐ °ted on hÐ °rmonising timetÐ °bles to reduce trÐ °nsfer times Ð °t Ð °irports Ð °nd offer seÐ °mless worldwide trÐ °vel. In addition to reducing customer turnover, important reason supporting the importance of customer satisfaction is the belief that a satisfied customer base is likely to be a firms single greatest source of sustainable competitive advantage (Sriram et al., 1992). This implies that a loyal customer base is an asset composed of the discounted present value of the future stream of profits from a continuing relationship. StÐ °r Ð lliÐ °nce hÐ °s Ð °lso responded to the customer’s need for recognition by linking Ð °ll Ð °irline frequent flyer progrÐ °mmes thus Ð °llowing pÐ °ssengers to Ð °ccrue Ð °nd redeem mileÐ °ge Ð °cross the network. To celebrÐ °te the 5th Ð °nniversÐ °ry StÐ °r Ð lliÐ °nce hÐ °s lÐ °unched Ð ° promotion Ð °llowing members of the Ð °irline loyÐ °lty progrÐ °mme to eÐ °rn up to 55,555 bonus miles by flying five different StÐ °r

Marketing strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Marketing strategy - Essay Example TOMS shoes has been successful in coming up with trendy shoes that not only make their customers look good but also feel good. Their customers feel that they are making a difference by just purchasing TOMS shoes. The company uses the WIIFM philosophy which means ‘What’s in it for me’. They do this by offering high-quality shoes and also make their clients feel they are supporting a good cause (Russo 84). As you walk in the streets, you are likely to see a number of young people wearing TOMS shoes. This is because the company designs and markets trendy shoes that appeal most to the younger generation. To keep up with the current market trends, TOMS shoes has been forced to expand its product line and now offers a variety of shoes to their customers. One factor that distinguishes TOMS shoes is the fact that they have kept their promise of delivering free shoes for every shoe purchase made. Many businesses start with a good cause, but greed for money ends up ruining the company. The company also has goals and ensures that it meets its set goals. It is interesting to note that TOMS shoes are a profitable business and not a charity

Who am I The realization of ones self Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Who am I The realization of ones self - Essay Example Descartes Rene was a French philosopher who lived between 1595 and 1650. He was among the initial modern time philosophers to put in serious effort in ending numerous doubts on the negative ideas raised against knowledge. Alongside his interests in ancient mathematics, Descartes had interests in body and mind interrelations. Over the years, his ideas on the interrelation between body and mind have been of great significance to philosophy. Initially, his journals were in French but scholars later used them and made translations for easy understanding for the current generation. The meditation concepts that he came up with were the starting point for modern day philosophy. In addition, he tore down the notion that knowledge drew attribution from mental senses but instead focused on logic and credibility. In so doing, he developed the justification as to why things existed through his six meditation concepts. The objective of this paper shall be to outline the second meditation and draw relevant meaning to Descartes definition of ‘I’ and ‘self’. Secondly, it will dwell on other definitions of the two nouns then also bring out my definition of the same to illustrate whether other things actually do exist. Lastly, it will explore the implications of my definition towards the existence of others and carefully examine Socrates view on my perception. According to the second meditation of Descartes, the first step towards understanding ‘I’ and ‘self’ is through realization of the existence of an object or a being. Therefore, he starts by analyzing the two nouns that bring out his meaning. He gives the first as Cognoscere, which is a French word that means getting to know or discovering, or coming to a realization (Rene’ 9). The second word that he gives as part of the definition process is Cognitio that he refers to as the act of knowing because of the realization of the existence aspect. According to the second meditation of Descartes, the first step towards understanding ‘I’ and ‘self’ is through realization of the existence of an object or a being. Therefore, he starts by analyzing the two nouns that bring out his meaning. He gives the first as Cognoscere, which is a French word that means getting to know or discovering, or coming to a realization. The second word that he gives as part of the definition process is Cognitio that he refers to as the act of knowing because of the realization of the existence aspect. In essence, everything else exists beyond reasonable doubt mainly because he also exists at that particular time. Other thinkers, scholars, and publishers refer to ‘I’ as the individual aspect of a writer or a speaker when claiming ownership or existence. In other words, it is the active state of an individual in the present form. The complexity has seen diverse understanding and critics from scholars. It is different to ‘me’ in the sense that the latter is a result of mingling with others to internalize the ‘self’ aspect. ‘I’ shows reference to ones ego while ‘self’ is the claim to ownership to something. Self can also be the distinctive features that one has over all others. For instance, it is the process of identifying with the traits of oneself. However, my own understanding of ‘I’ would be that it is my own identity in terms of object possession. There are many other forms of identity, which includes personal names of an individual, but for me this word can also show reference to self. Predominantly, the ‘I’ factor is a symbol of individuality in that when I say, â€Å"I am alive† it means that for a fact I have acknowledged the fact of my existence. It is also a reference to self as people can only refer to an individual as ‘you’ and not ‘I’. More so, it is an introductory word used when one is trying to illustrate their names. In an example, a sentence starts with ‘I am’ then ‘so and so’. Therefore, the usage of any other word would be wrong in giving this description,

Business plan - how a bank can penetrate Bulgaria's market Research Paper

Business plan - how a bank can penetrate Bulgaria's market - Research Paper Example Bulgaria has been able to attract a significant level of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) from the year 2001. The financial Crisis that hit Bulgaria market in the year 2007-2010 marked an economic decline of up to 5.5% in the year 2009. Fortunately, the country regained a positive growth of close to 0.2 % in the year 2010, contrary to the rest of Balkan Countries (Lapteacru, 85). The country operates using one of the most stable currencies in Eastern Europe the Lev termed Leva when in plural form. The currency is pegged with the Euro with a prevailing rate of 1.95583in every Euro. Bulgarian strongest sectors include the energy, metallurgy, machine building, mining, agriculture and tourism. The primary exports from the industries include steel and iron, machinery and refined fuel, and clothing. The major obstacles towards foreign investment and economic growth involve inadequate R&D funding coupled with the development policies with unclear definition. The European and international ma rkets also experiences lower levels of competition and productivity. In the year 2012, the Bulgarian GDP attained a nominal of $ 50.78 billion, with $ 103.15 billion (PPP) in the same year. This marked a growth of 0.8% with a nominal of $ 6, 903. The GD per capita ranked at $ 14, 020 (PPP) with 5.6% in Agriculture, 31.1% in Industry and 63.2% in service. In the year 2012, inflation rate was experienced at 3%, with a population of 215 living under the poverty line by the year 2011. The Gini Co efficient ranked 28.2 in the year 2007 (Bulgarian - American Credit Bank AD 1200). The sources of wealth Top company profiles by name, revenue/profit, and ownership Lukoil Neftochim Bourgas locates at B urgas, Bulgaria. Lukoil acts as the chief oil refinery company in Bulgaria and South East Europe. The ownership of the company lies under Russian Oil giant LUKOIL. The refinery accounts for close to 7% of Bulgaria’s GDP, AND 25% in revenue to the state budget. LNB remains the chief produc er and supplier handling liquid fuel and related materials including petrochemicals and polymers in the country, and remains the leading company in the line of petroleum related products in Europe. The company provides a minimum of 8,500 Bulgarians with employment opportunities (Elenkov and Petkova 4). SWOT more geared towards Bulgarian economy as a whole rather than Private Wealth market Strengths A better part of the Bulgarian communist period concentrated on heavy industry despite the fact that biochemical and computer products came in play as valuable products in the year 1980. Since Bulgarian market relied on the Soviet market, the culmination soviet market coupled with the Warsaw Pact resulted into a major crisis that hit the country in the year 1990s. The first growth noted in the year 2000 has seen gradual but progressive growth the early 2000. Individual manufacturing industries’ performance appears uneven. The industry that experienced loss and has not been able to catch up with the Western Europe market includes food and tobacco processing companies. The textile industries experienced a decline in the mid-1990s, but since the year 2000 the clothing exports has experienced a steady growth (Erd?nc 78). The Bulgarian economy has experienced stability in the macroeconomic environment with low direct taxes over the years. The fiscal policy of the country also tends to have a significant element of

Jackson the leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Jackson the leader - Essay Example However, he was alleged to have more political main appointments and many people have reservations regarding his honesty and objectives. Jackson endeavored to present a constitutional reform to eliminate Electoral College System and restrict the President’s incumbency to only one term, maybe because of resentment in the 1824 election. The constitutional reform never gained importance and advancement; nevertheless, the 22nd amendment was passed in 1947 and according to this amendment, the President’s tenure was restricted to just two terms. Jackson was also on front line in opposing the â€Å"American System† that was a greater part during the Presidency of John Quincy Adams, revolving around the Second Bank of the USA, an extremely secured tariff, and inner system of advancements. The Nullification Crisis The Tariff Issues was one of the most significant aspects of Jackson’s presidency. As a result of a tariff that displayed incommensurately in Southern ru ral states, USA went into nullification calamities. Southern states acknowledged the tariff of 1828 as unacceptable to claim their constitutional rights and insisted that it is required to be canceled. South Carolina was the home of Vice President, John Calhoun, whose endorsement of nullification led to his political separation with Jackson. Jackson had very hard time dealing with the nullifiers during the 1832 election. He even had to threaten at one point to send the Army into South Carolina to ensure the implementation of laws. The nullification of tariff came to an end in 1833 in South Carolina when a new conciliated tariff was ultimately approved. The Bank of the United States Jackson is also well reputed for his opposition to National bank of USA, as he had firm belief that this bank provided more facilities and benefits to the rich people than poor people and it was inhibitor of liberty. Jackson struggled to reinstate private economic organizations and agriculture states. For this purpose, he decided to put an end to the National Bank of USA. Jackson rejected bank’s restoration bill presented by congress in 1832. He adopted a disdained and sardonic behavior and withdrew his funds from bank in 1833. Debt and inflation increased significantly and quickly when the paper money was no longer controlled and supported with help of federal government’s gold and silver exchequers. By 1837, Jackson’s policies engaged with other elements that led the country into economic disaster and consequently transformed nation into extremely depressive state that had never been faced by the people of the country before. Indian Affairs Another contentious decision which made the Jackson well known as controversial President was to offer land to West Indians. He decided to do this when Indians protested that states are illegally entrenching to their lands and violating the human rights. Jackson demonstrated that he had no rights to prevent this, further ad ding that Indians should locate homes outside of the states if they wish to enjoy their rights. He also asserted that Indian were required to submit the rights of the states in which they lived, or they are required to move beyond Mississippi. While implementing this assertion would not occur Until Van Buren was in office. Jackson was main responsible for the strategies which caused

Business plan - how a bank can penetrate Bulgaria's market Research Paper

Business plan - how a bank can penetrate Bulgaria's market - Research Paper Example Bulgaria has been able to attract a significant level of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) from the year 2001. The financial Crisis that hit Bulgaria market in the year 2007-2010 marked an economic decline of up to 5.5% in the year 2009. Fortunately, the country regained a positive growth of close to 0.2 % in the year 2010, contrary to the rest of Balkan Countries (Lapteacru, 85). The country operates using one of the most stable currencies in Eastern Europe the Lev termed Leva when in plural form. The currency is pegged with the Euro with a prevailing rate of 1.95583in every Euro. Bulgarian strongest sectors include the energy, metallurgy, machine building, mining, agriculture and tourism. The primary exports from the industries include steel and iron, machinery and refined fuel, and clothing. The major obstacles towards foreign investment and economic growth involve inadequate R&D funding coupled with the development policies with unclear definition. The European and international ma rkets also experiences lower levels of competition and productivity. In the year 2012, the Bulgarian GDP attained a nominal of $ 50.78 billion, with $ 103.15 billion (PPP) in the same year. This marked a growth of 0.8% with a nominal of $ 6, 903. The GD per capita ranked at $ 14, 020 (PPP) with 5.6% in Agriculture, 31.1% in Industry and 63.2% in service. In the year 2012, inflation rate was experienced at 3%, with a population of 215 living under the poverty line by the year 2011. The Gini Co efficient ranked 28.2 in the year 2007 (Bulgarian - American Credit Bank AD 1200). The sources of wealth Top company profiles by name, revenue/profit, and ownership Lukoil Neftochim Bourgas locates at B urgas, Bulgaria. Lukoil acts as the chief oil refinery company in Bulgaria and South East Europe. The ownership of the company lies under Russian Oil giant LUKOIL. The refinery accounts for close to 7% of Bulgaria’s GDP, AND 25% in revenue to the state budget. LNB remains the chief produc er and supplier handling liquid fuel and related materials including petrochemicals and polymers in the country, and remains the leading company in the line of petroleum related products in Europe. The company provides a minimum of 8,500 Bulgarians with employment opportunities (Elenkov and Petkova 4). SWOT more geared towards Bulgarian economy as a whole rather than Private Wealth market Strengths A better part of the Bulgarian communist period concentrated on heavy industry despite the fact that biochemical and computer products came in play as valuable products in the year 1980. Since Bulgarian market relied on the Soviet market, the culmination soviet market coupled with the Warsaw Pact resulted into a major crisis that hit the country in the year 1990s. The first growth noted in the year 2000 has seen gradual but progressive growth the early 2000. Individual manufacturing industries’ performance appears uneven. The industry that experienced loss and has not been able to catch up with the Western Europe market includes food and tobacco processing companies. The textile industries experienced a decline in the mid-1990s, but since the year 2000 the clothing exports has experienced a steady growth (Erd?nc 78). The Bulgarian economy has experienced stability in the macroeconomic environment with low direct taxes over the years. The fiscal policy of the country also tends to have a significant element of

The Value of Money Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

The Value of Money - Essay Example Some of the items included a baby doll, a puzzle of teddy bears, baby clothes for the baby doll, and a package of M&Ms for my sweet tooth. I was putting the items in the cart without my moms knowledge, hiding them to make sure she would not see them until we were checking out. Once at the checkout, my mom would put each of the items on the conveyer belt. When she came to the items that I had picked out, she shook her head and asked me â€Å"are you paying for the items that you have put in the cart?†. I answered â€Å"No, I don’t have any money.†. My mom replied â€Å"You know money doesn’t grow on trees. You need to learn that you have to earn your money to buy the things that you want.† My mom told the cashier that everything that I picked out would have to go back, except for the M&M’s. After this incident, my mom decided to help me learn about the value of money and how to earn it. She started having me do chores around the house so that I could earn money to buy some of the items I wanted. Although this helped me understand that money was not free, I remember thinking how unfair it was that I had to earn money to buy my toy(s). Now that I’m grown up, I have a great job, and a family of my own. I have learned that not only do I have to earn the money I need, I have to manage my money in order to pay bills and buy the item(s) I want. Every trip to the store now consists of me asking myself whether or not I need the item as opposed to wanting the item, regardless of whether I can afford the item or not. During my most recent trip to Wal-Mart, I strolled up and down the grocery aisle, picking up the items that were on my grocery list. After I was finished getting all with my list, I found myself wandering around looking for anything else that I might want. My first stop on my whimsical items splurge took me to the candy aisle for a big bag of M&Ms

Lucy V. Zehmer Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia Essay Example for Free

Lucy V. Zehmer Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia Essay FACTS:W.O. Lucy, the plaintiff, filed suit against A.H. and Ida Zehmer, the defendants, to compel the Zehmers to transfer title of their property known as Ferguson Farm to the Lucys for 50,000$ as the Zehmers ad allegedly agreed to do. The families had known each other for many years and the Lucys had tried to buy the facility countless times, but to no appeal. After a night of drinking and badgering, W.O. Lucy was able to entice Zehmer into writing up an agreement that stated Zehmer would sell Ferguson Farm to Lucy for 50,000$. Later, Lucy sued Zehmer to compel him to go through with the sale. Zehmers argument centered on him being drunk and that the agreement was in jest hence the agreement was unenforceable. The trial court agreed with Zehmer, Lucy appealed. ISSUE:If a contract is signed by both the defendant and plaintiff parties, would the contract be considered unenforceable if one of the parties considers the writings in jest? DECISION:No. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia reversed the rulings of the lower court saying that the writing was an enforceable contract. REASON:The court acknowledged that the writing was a contract. The fact that it was under consideration for forty or more minutes before it was signed. The fact that Lucy objected to the first write up because it was written in the singular; the discussion as to what was to be included in the sale, the provision for the examination of the title, the completeness of the instrument that was executed. The taking possession of it by Lucy without request or suggestion by either defendant that he give it back, are facts that show that the execution of the contract was a serious business transaction rather than a casual one. BASIC TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION v. AMAZON Appeals Court of Massachusetts, 71 Mass.App.Ct. 29,878 N.E.2d (2008). FACTS:Basis Technology Corporation, the plaintiff, filed suit against Amazon.com, Inc. The plaintiff company was responsible for creating software and provided technical service for Amazons Japanese-Language Website. Their agreement allowed for separately negotiated contracts so that the plaintiff company could provide additional services for Amazon. In 1999, the two entities entered into stock purchase agreements. Amazon later objected to securities that Basis sold. Basis sued for various claims including the securities and for failing to pay for additional services Basis provided that weren’t in the original agreement. During trial, it seemed as if the parties had settled based off a series of e-mails but Amazon reneged and the trial judge ruled against Amazon, which then appealed. ISSUE:Can a settlement be reached, and then be broken by only one party even if the two parties were bounded by such a settlement? DECISION:Yes. The Appeals Court of Massachusetts affirmed the trial courts finding that Amazon intended to be bound by the terms of the March e-mail. It constituted a complete and unambiguous statement of the parties’ desire to be bound by the settlement terms.

Essay --

In "The Second Coming" by William Butler Yeats, Yeats uses allusions, symbols, and vivid imagery to convey his cynical and despondent tone about the new evil, corrupt, and immoral era following World War I. Yeats begins the poem with an image of a "widening gyre" or a vortex of spiraling motion. This image immediately implies the chaos and disorder in a society that is spiraling wider and wider out of control and becoming more corrupt. Yeats elaborates on and supports this idea with "Things fall apart; the center cannot hold" and "Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world" to further symbolize how the universe is collapsing with confusion and the absence of principles. Yeats also implies the danger and disaster to come with an image of a falcon who "cannot hear the falconer" to further illustrate suspense and danger that humanity is facing. This image also suggests that similar to the falcon that is flying around in a "widening gyre, society has wandered too far away from its morals and is doomed with curruption. Yeats continues his cynical tone with "everywhere the ceremony of innocenc...

Clothing Or Concept :: essays research papers

IZOD: Clothing or Concept Every day, billions are spent on advertising with the intention of selling some product of one kind or another. Every day, even more people come in contact with these ads and are affected by them. As the number of ads continues to rise, the percentage of those that are misleading and manipulative also increases. As a result, we have become more skeptical about what we see and hear, and we have begun to acquire distaste for the marketing world. The IZOD â€Å"Extreme Leisure† clothing ad is a perfect example of why this distaste for today’s marketing industry is ascending at such a dramatic rate. The image that IZOD portrays is one of popularity, fun, sex appeal, and excitement (â€Å"Extreme Leisure†), and is presented in such a way as to mislead the reader into believing that he will attain this image by wearing IZOD clothing. This misrepresentation occurs in many ways within the ad. The ad’s picture shows a group of male and female friends all sitting around socializing, drinking beer, laughing and smiling, all with a whole-hearted carefree attitude, all while wearing IZOD clothing. In fact, they aren’t just socializing, but are also playing strip poker. This is where the sex appeal comes in; â€Å"Hey, wear IZOD clothing and you’ll be in this situation too—half naked women, beer, and more fun than you can handle.† Yeah right. Reality check! Although consciously we know this to be untrue, this concept is what the ad inscribes into the reader’s brain, and is what the reader walks away with - a pretty sleazy deceit. IZOD’s ad also promotes not only immoral acts, but a theme that is damaging to society. Firstly, it promotes immoral acts by making a connection between fun and happiness to nudity and sex appeal. By showing only partly dressed men and women in a festive environment, the ad sends the message that this is the â€Å"cool† thing to do. If you want to be in with the â€Å"in† people, this is the way to go. Have fun! This way of thinking is the wrong message to send and is a negative side effect of this ad. Second, is the alcohol issue: IZOD’s ad backs one of the most hazardous ideas of our time--that beer means fun. IZOD not only illustrates this with beer drinking taking place, but also comes out and says it in plain English.

Pro-Choice Presentation Essay

1. Intro: How many people believe that terminating a pregnancy is a horrible thing, that under no circumstance an abortion should be performed? And how many people believe that interrupting a pregnancy under certain circumstances is okay, certain circumstances including: rape, unplanned pregnancy, and medical reasons? â€Å"Quote by Hillary Rodham Clinton on being pro-choice is not being pro-abortion.† 2. Thesis: I would like to give you a little more information tonight on a topic that is very disputed now in day. And I would like to change the way you think about the term †pro-choice† 3. Audience: Women just like men have rights, and not being able to decide what you would like to do with your body takes away from those rights. 4. Preview: I. discuss the origin of abortion and how it was performed in ancient culture II. describe the methods of abortion today. II. Who aborts and the reasons why? I. History of abortion A. in and article named â€Å"when did abortion begin† on About.com 1. The practice of abortion can be dated all the way back to 1550 BCE and it is first seen in Ancient Egyptian Culture. However we also see it in Ancient Persian culture, ancient Roman and ancient Greek. And since then the topic of abortion has caused a controversy . people pick pro-life or pro-choice. They used plants to terminate a pregnancy in the past. II. Terminating a pregnancy today can be performed with surgically, with certain plants, and with pills. A. The University of Washington published an article Facts for Women ¨termination of pregnancy† it describes the different ways to perform an abortion. 1. Medical Abortions: This is performed by taking a pill or receiving an injection. 2. Surgical Abortion: A way to terminate pregnancy surgically. a. For both you receive counseling, you sign a consent form, give medical history, have a physical exam including an ultrasound, and have lab tests. III. Reasons to why? And who aborts. A. a website named Action Life, wrote an article named â€Å"The real reasons women choose abortion† Gudrun Schultz claims that 92% of women choose abortion as an alternative because of social or other factors. Those â€Å"other factors† 25% Not ready for a(nother) child/timing is wrong 23% Can’t afford a baby now 19% Have completed my childbearing/have other people depending on me/children are grown 8% Don’t want to be a single mother/am having relationship problems 7% Don’t feel mature enough to raise a(nother) child/feel too young 4% Would interfere with education or career plans 4% Physical problem with my health 3% Possible problems affecting the health of the fetus  poverty level. Why bring a child to suffer. If you cannot provide for your own child why have it? 5. Conclusion: I’m not encouraging you to get an abortion. I am just trying to get you to view â€Å"pro-choice† differently, Laws against abortion don’t stop it, they simply make abortion Less safe. If a person is not ready to be a parent, or cannot afford another child, they should not be forced to have it.

Child Labour Essay Essay

In the 1800’s children were forced to go to work in factories for little pay. The factories were in very bad conditions for children to work in. Most of the kids got asthma because the factories were so dusty. The children had to get into small gaps in the machines to fix them which was very dangerous and some of the children died because of it. A lot of the children didn’t get any sleep so they fell asleep in the factories. The children had to bend over for long periods of time, if they fell asleep which made most of them cripple. Many factory owners were against reforming working conditions for children. This was because they thought they provided education, fair pay and helped them by giving them a job. They also said â€Å"without working in factories the children’s family wouldn’t be able to survive. Some factory owners called for reform because they thought they worked too long hours and they didn’t get enough education. Some campaigners thought that reforms should be introduced because the factories were in bad conditions and most of the children have deformed bones and bad lungs. Other campaigners thought they should not because at least they are off the streets and not causing crime and the children are happy and there is no violence there. Doctors too, thought it was important to improve working conditions for children. For example Dr Samuel Smith thought that they should reform because children suffered loss of limbs like fingers and thumbs etc. Other doctors though thought differently because it wasn’t unhealthy to stand for long hours and they wanted to get more money from children visiting. Many children themselves wanted to keep working because otherwise they would live on the streets and if they lived on the streets they may possibly die of starvation. However, they still wanted to reform such as no harsh punishment, less working hours, more education, more sleep, and 3 meals a day. In conclusion, the result of the debate was for the Government to pass the 1833 Factory Act to improve conditions for children. The basic act was as follows: No children under the age of 9 are allowed to work, which was fair to the factory owners and the children Children between 9 and 13 are not allowed to work more than 9 hours a day and children between 13 and 18 are not allowed to work more than 12 hours, as the older children are stronger so they can work more hours Children are not allowed to work at night, this was good because the children could get more sleep which would make them more healthy The working days would start at 5:30am ~ 8:30pm and the other 9 hours are for resting Kids must have 2 hours of schooling each day so when they grow up they can read and write. Children allowed 1  ½ hours for meals Children must have 3 meals a day so they can keep healthy The factory owners would have been disappointed, but the doctors and the children would have been very pleased and some of the campaigners would be happy but some wouldn’t.

An evaluation of the impact of social policy in relation to childhood poverty since 1997

Introduction This essay considers the effects of government policy on child poverty since 1997. This date represents both a high and low point of the war against child poverty. On the one hand, poverty and inequality were at their most serious in post-war history, with over one in four children living in relative poverty; on the other hand, it saw child poverty come into focus like never before, leading to the development of some of the most ambitious new targets, the most notable of which was the commitment to completely ‘eradicate’ child poverty within 10-20 years (Hills and Stewart 2005). All policies must go through several stages, called the policy cycle. There are numerous different conceptions of the policy cycle, each with slightly different stages. This essay will concentrate on the four main ones: agenda setting (problem identification), policy formation, policy implementation, and post-policy evaluation. The chronological sequence of the policy cycle given above provides t he rough structure for this essay; however, on occasion policies are discussed with reference to all stages of the cycle. This essay begins with a brief background section in order to frame the discussion. It concludes by arguing that on the whole government policy has been relatively successful in combating child poverty across the policy cycle, but that there are several areas of weakness requiring improvement. The notion that child poverty should be a major area of government policy is relatively modern. Historically, children have tended to fall under the care of the immediate or extended family, or under unusual circumstances someone entrusted with their care from the community or social group of the parents. However, this norm has been revised in recent years, leading to a change in the effective definition of ‘caring’, which has been expanded to include care by social workers, nurses and doctors, nursery assistants, teachers, and others (Eisenstadt 2011). The very concept of poverty itself has also varied greatly over time. The important cornerstones of modern policy related to mental and psychological wellbeing are fairly recent in origin. By contrast, Victorian campaigners against child poverty focused on bodily, or physical, problems, as embodied in the period by ragged and starving children. By the mid-20th century many other issues were in vogue. For example, child poverty began to include deficits of education caused by socio-economic problems and learning disabilities. It also began to take into account social ills such as exclusion, asylum seeking, and refugee status among children. In 1997, poverty Government policy since the late-1990s has incorporated all these elements (Eisenstadt 2011). Prior to 1997 childhood has been described by some as a ‘policy free zone’ (Eisenstadt 2011), where goals and objectives were largely hidden from view, being established primarily in office by outside experts. Since then, however, there is a strong consensus that in the early stages of the policy cycle the government has been successful in its approach to child poverty. Agenda setting in particular has been on the rise perhaps since the early- to mid-1990s across many departments and in the core of government. For example, policy debates have been a regular occurrence on many topics regarding child poverty, including cash incomes and services, as well as long-term factors underlying disadvantage and survival chances for children. This represents an impressive degree of cross-policy linkages in the government’s approach. Moreover, it is argued that this has translated into concrete results in policy terms. As Bradshaw and Bennett (2014: 5) put it: ‘the use of targets has been prolific, with those on poverty and social exclusion some of the most high profile.’ This claim is well-supported by the evidence, and several prominent cases can be cited. Take, for example, the commitment to reduce relative child poverty by 25% by 2004-5 and by 50% by 2010-11, as well as to completely ‘eradicate’ it within twenty years (by 2020) – or more pessimistically to be ‘amongst the best in Europe’ (Bradshaw and Bennett 2014: 6). The latter is among the most enduring of government promises regarding child poverty. Additionally, there is the so-called neighbourhood renewal strategy, which laid out the government’s intention that within 10 to 20 years no one would be seriously disadvantaged by where they live. Bradshaw and Bennett (2014: 7) contend that ‘such targ ets (for example, in the annual Opportunity for All reports) involve the Government holding itself to account in a way that few predecessors have done.’ This suggests that at the level of agenda setting there has been considerable success in combating child poverty, but there are also many omissions in the way the government has approached important issues. For example, child poverty might arguably have suffered as a result of the conspicuously small number of targets for overall poverty reduction, as the two are strongly interrelated. It is also questionable whether the targets and agenda setting initiatives have translated to policy formation (Bradshaw and Bennett 2014; Lupton et al. 2013; Hill and Stewart 2005). Before proceeding to discuss this issue, a note of caution should be issued about the usefulness of policy in the first place. Lupton et al. (2013: 17) highlight some of the issues inherent in policy commitments: They note, for example, that goals are in actuality mere promises, or claims, which are unenforceable in both practice and theory. Moreover, it is likely under many circumstances that these will be driven by ideo logical agendas, which will shape change according to which party is in power, ‘and be more or less shaped by the legacy inherited, the particular problems of the moment, or fiscal pressures. They may be more or less explicit and discernible. Unstated goals, some of which later become apparent from internal documentary evidence and politicians or civil servants’ Lupton et al. (2013: 17). Indeed, it is for this reason that scholars working in this field tend to evaluate what Lupton et al. (2013) call ‘realised policy’ rather than policy in a broader sense (Bradshaw and Bennett 2014). There is evidence that this concern – that is, ostensible policy not translating into realised policy – has characterised much of the government’s approach to child poverty, rending it unsuccessful to a degree. For instance, it was only in 2012 that the (Social Mobility and) Child Poverty Commission was appointed. This meant that the body could not be consulted prior to the publication of the Child Poverty Strategy for 2011-14. This contravened the government’s statutory commitment and can be seen as evidence that policy has not necessarily been realised, to use Lupton et al.’s (2013) terminology. Importantly, this had concrete implications for the Child Poverty Strategy for 2011-14, which was widely criticised from not laying out in enough detail that actual means by which policy objectives would be achieved (Bradshaw and Bennett 2014). There are other reasons to believe that agenda setting so far has lacked specificity regarding how it will deal with child poverty. This conclusion emerges through a close examination of the policy statements of government publication and the results following from these policies. For example, the Department for Education posts a statement on its website reading: ‘Poverty, as measured by a household’s income relative to the national average, is often a symptom of deeper, more complex problems. Many of these problems are passed on from one generation to the next.’ As Bradshaw and Bennett (2014) note, the ‘background’ section state that one of its primary aims is ‘reducing poverty in all its forms’, and references social injustice, but does little to directly address the issue of child poverty. The website for the Department for work and Pensions does likewise, noting the existence of a child poverty strategy and the Positive for Youth Repo rt (2011) but failing to specify what this entails in terms of policy (Bradshaw and Bennett 2014; Forest and Parton 2009). This shows that to a certain extent there has been a disconnect between the early stages of the policy cycle (agenda and target setting) and the later one (policy formation). It can also be argued that the government’s approach to dealing with child poverty has been inadequate at the level of policy formation. There has tended to be a great deal of emphasis on the idea of encouraging unemployed parents to work in order that they may better support their children. While this is commendable in several obvious respects, it also has shortcomings. Bucci (cited in Forest and Parton 2009), for example, emphasises the importance of internal factors in children’s lives and downplays the external factors that are usually emphasised by officials and practitioners of policy. This suggests, therefore, the inclusion of many more people in the work force might actually worsen poverty of a social and emotional kind by depriving children of their parents for extended periods. Another strategy employed to end child poverty has come in the form of the Sure Start Centres, the stated aim of which is to ‘improve the outcomes for all children’ (Department of Education 2008). However, the attention paid to child poverty specifically was conspicuously lacking. For example, the first brief concentrated on the objective of ‘helping prevent family breakdown and promoting readiness for schools’, which only has an indirect relationship to child poverty and arguably should not have been prioritised over alternatives, such as the provision of financial support. In addition to the educational component, the Sure Start programme is largely geared around encouraging more parents to work. The government places the promotion of employment and education at the centre of its child poverty policy, as revealed in its description of Sure Start as ‘a cornerstone of the Government’s drive to tackle child poverty and social exclusion’ (D epartment of Education 2008) This is supported by a number of groups, including the Institute for Public Policy Research, which argued that ‘social inclusion is best promoted though enhanced employment opportunity’ and that ‘‘poverty and deprivation in children’s families and in their neighbourhoods is associated with their performance at school’ (Oppenheim, 1998: 113, 139). There is also support for this policy direction from the European Commission (2014), which argued that the most important priorities for reducing child poverty are to ‘improve access to affordable early childhood education and care services’ and to ‘support parents’ access to the labour market and make sure that work ‘pays’ for them’ (European Commission 2014). It might reasonably be claimed, therefore, that while the policy formulation as regards child poverty is indirect, its efficacy in ameliorating child poverty is supported in the literature. This gives credibility to the Sure Start programme, which represents not just successful policy formulation but also the successful implementation of policy initiatives (Lupton 2013). The noticeable educational improvements among children and young people reflect the efficacy of these policies, and it has been argued that they show the success of child poverty reduction measures. For example, results in national tests at 11 and 16 indicated great improvements and few people were leaving school with no qualifications by 2010 (Lupton 2013). Socio-economic gaps were reduced across all indicators – incrementally at age 11 and then more distinctly at age 16. Larger number remained at school after the age of 16 and more went to higher education. Socio-economic gaps in HE access also closed slightly despite concerns to the contrary (Lupton 2013). On the other hand, it has also been argued (e.g., by the European Commission) that the UK has so far not done enough on these fronts in order to combat child poverty. This suggests that while policy formulation might therefore be on the right track, the implementation has not yet gone far enough (European Commission 2014). On the whole, policy formulation has generally been lauded. Education Maintenance Allowances, for example, have complemented the Sure Start programme discussed above. More important have been the tax and benefit reforms, which Hills and Steward (2005) argue have ‘reduced child poverty quickly enough to give the Government a good chance of hitting its 2004-05 targets.’ This is a dated analysis, but it indicates that in the decade after 1997 policy was relatively successful. The importance of changes in incomes for parents and their children, moreover, is borne out by the Families and Children Survey, as well as other interviews conducted in low-income areas (Hills and Stewart 2005). Nevertheless, while there has been a fall in relative child poverty between 1996-7 and 2002-3, and falls in deprivation and child-related spending by parents, the UK is still some way behind the EU average (Hills and Stewart 2005; also see European Commission 2014) There has been considerable research into the effect of Labour’s efforts to alleviate child poverty, primarily because they have been in office for much of the period and have been the main drivers behind such initiatives. The Labour government’s record has been positive on many fronts. Health is closely related to poverty, and in these terms the life expectancy of children rose, with infant mortality declining and illness declining, between 1997 and 2010 (Vizard and Obolenskaya 2013). This is supported by Stewart (2013), who has noted that for young children in particular outcomes as a result of Labour’s policies improved markedly, with higher employment rates for lone parents and fewer mothers drinking and smoking during pregnancies (the tangible impact of this is reflected in a fall in low birth weights among infants); moreover, the improvements here were concentrated among the lower socio-economic groups, which suggests relative poverty declined (Stewart 2013 ). For older children and young people, results in national tests at 11and 16 showed substantial improvements and hardly anyone was leaving school with no qualifications by 2010. Socio-economic gaps closed on all indicators –gradually at age 11 and more dramatically at age 16. Greater proportions stayed on at school after 16 and went to higher education, and socio-economic gaps in HE access closed slightly despite concerns to the contrary (Lupton and Obolenskaya 2013). Some particular shortcomings of policy have been highlighted by the research, however. For example, research into child poverty arising from neglect and abuse has revealed policy failure at all levels of the policy cycle. The neglect, abuse and eventual death of Victoria Climbe in 2000 is a good example of a policy failure in the period under consideration (Forest and Parton 2009; Laming 2003). Older children have often been classified as ‘hard to help’ and failed by agencies, while long-term neglect cases have on occasion not been properly contextualised in terms of past events in children’s lives. Additionally, there has tended to be an overreliance on universal or adult social service for physically injured children rather than the more appropriate children social care. As Brandon (2008) notes, these are reflective of policy failures in this particular area at the levels of formation, implementation, and post-policy evaluation. At the final level of the policy cycle, evaluation, there has been some criticism of policy. In particular, March and Fisher (2005: 4) highlight ‘strong arguments for the development of the evidence base, and for shifting social services towards an evidence-based approach, instead of its historic reliance on an ‘authority-based’ approach. These arguments run similarly to those suggesting that healthcare needs more of an evidence-based approach (for example, the 1997 report for the DH on R&D in primary care) (Forest and Parton 2009). In this respect, it could be argued that policy has been less effective than it might have been because the research driving it has been conducted in the wrong way. It might even be said that improvements in this area required looking to the past: As Marsh and Fisher (2005: 5) put it: ‘Despite this lack of strategy, social work research has occasionally made a significant impact’. They point to the example of the childcare research programme that was shaped by the DH during the 1980s. This led to a cogent set of policies on many critical issues and helped to make policy more focused on relevance and practical matters.. Nevertheless, this ‘did not address the question of the infrastructure for research relevant to social care’ (Marsh and Fisher 2005: 5). In a sense, these failures of policy at the final stage bring the argument full circle back to the level of agenda setting and policy formation. Marsh and Fisher (2005) and Morrin et al. (2011) see the issue as a lack of a strategic framework, which impedes agenda setting from the outset and prevents re-evaluative improvement at the end. The fact that no publicly funded research body is in place makes this more difficult, ‘and the plethora of relevant bodies has not so far offered a unified voice that could command widespread support. Unclear academic roots complicate the process’ (Marsh and Fisher 2005: 15). It might be argued that this comes down to the problem that social care does not exist as an independent academic discipline (Morrin et al. 2011; Forest and Parton 2009). In conclusion, it can be said that the impact of government policy on child poverty has been mixed. On the one hand, many important and varied issues, ranging from education to financial hardship and psychological trauma, have been brought under the government remit. This represents a success in terms of agenda setting. A large number of influential programmes have taken form across the spectrum, and these have been implemented with reasonable success in many cases, as indicated by the fact that child poverty has declined since 1997 by nearly 10 percent (Forest and Parton 2009). To a certain degree, it is too early to tell whether evaluation has been successful. There have, of course, been various shortcomings such as the inability of policy to adequately protect abused children. Detractors have also claimed that policy, despite being relatively successful, has not been based on evidence. In the end, the record of government policy is generally good, although there is clearly scope f or improvement going forwards. References: Bradshaw, J. and Bennett, F. (2014) Investing in Children: Breaking the cycle of disadvantage: A Study of National Policies: The United Kingdom, European Commission http://www.york.ac.uk/inst/spru/research/pdf/Naps2013Investing.pdf [Retrieved 22/06/2014] Brandon, M. (2008) Analysing child deaths and serious injury through abuse and neglect, Centre for Research on Children and Families http://www.uea.ac.uk/centre-research-child-family/child-protection-and-family-support/analysing-child-deaths [Retrieved 22/06/2014] Cleaver, H. and Walker, S. (2004) Assessing Children’s Needs and Circumstances: The Impact of the Assessment Framework, London: Jessica Kingsley Department for Education (2008) Sure Start Children’s Centres – good for your child and good for you http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130401151715/http://www.education.gov.uk/publications/standard/Surestart/Page1/DCSF-00787-2008 [Retrieved 22/06/2014] Department of Health (1997) R&D in primary care, London: The Stationery Office European Commission (2014) Investing in children http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1060&langId=en [Retrieved 22/06/2014] Eisenstadt, N. (2011), Providing a Sure Start: How Government Discovered Early Childhood. Bristol: Policy Press Forest, N. and Parton, N. (2009) Understanding children’s social care: politics, policy and practice London: SAGE Hills, J. and Stewart, K. (2005) POLICIES TOWARDS POVERTY, INEQUALITY AND EXCLUSION SINCE 1997, Joseph Rowntree Foundation http://www.jrf.org.uk/publications/policies-towards-poverty-inequality-and-exclusion-1997 [Retrieved 22/06/2014] HM Government (2006) Working Together to Safeguard Children: A guide to inter-agency working to safeguard and promote the welfare of children, Nottingham: Department for Education and Skills http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/youth-justice/improving-practice/WT2006-Working-together.pdf [Retrieved 22/06/2014] HM Government (2004) Every Child Matters: Change for Children Programme. Nottingham: Department for Education and Skills www.everychildmatters.gov.uk [Retrieved 22/03/2014] Laming, H. (2003) The Victoria Climbie Inquiry https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/273183/5730.pdf [Retrieved 22/06/2014] Lupton, R., Burchardt, T, Hills, J. Stewart, K. and Vizard, P. (2013) A Framework for Analysing the Effects of Social Policy, Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion http://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/case/spcc/rn001.pdf [Retrieved 22/06/2014] Lupton, R. (2013) Labour’s Social Policy Record: Policy, Spending and Outcomes 1997-2010, Centre for Analysis and Social Exclusion http://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/case/spcc/RR01.pdf [Retrieved 22/06/2014] Marsh, P. and Fisher, M. (2005) Developing the evidence base for social work and social care practice, Social Care Institute for Excellence http://www.scie.org.uk/publications/reports/report10.pdf [Retrieved 22/06/2014] Morrin, M., Johnson, S., Heron, L. and Roberts, E. (2011) CONCEPTUAL IMPACT OF ESRC RESEARCH: CASE STUDY OF UK CHILD POVERTY POLICY, Final Report to Economic and Social Research Council http://www.esrc.ac.uk/_images/Conceptual_impact_study_report_tcm8-18146.pdf [Retrieved 22/06/2014] Stewart, K. (2013) Labour’s Record on the Under-Fives: Policy Spending and Outcomes 1997-2010. Social Policy in a Cold Climate Working Paper. London: CASE Vizard, P. and Obolenskaya, P. (2013) Labour’s Record on Health: Policy Spending and Outcomes 1997-2010. Social Policy in a Cold Climate Working Paper WP02. London: CASE

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